The files we follow: Influence diplomacy in Central Asia; Energy and natural resources diplomacy in Central Asia; Political and security issues in Central Asia.
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Kazakhstan’s pursuit of balance
Kazakhstan’s plan to build its first nuclear power plant presents an opportunity for France to strengthen economic ties with this Central Asian country. During the meeting between Presidents Tokayev and Macron on November 5, nuclear partnership was a key topic. Kazakhstan could collaborate with French giants like Orano and EDF to reduce its reliance on Russia for nuclear energy. However, logistical challenges remain, as transporting Kazakh nuclear fuel to Europe depends on Russian and Chinese routes. Kazakhstan is exploring alternatives, such as the Caspian Corridor, while balancing diplomacy between regional and Western partners.
Additionally, Kazakhstan is deepening its energy cooperation with China. The Kazakh holding company KazMunayGaz (KMG) and the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) are intensifying their exploration of hydrocarbon resources in the Kyzylorda region, where reserves are estimated at 3.2 billion tons. A partnership with the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) has also been established for exploring the Jylioy field in the Atyrau region, with potential reserves exceeding 185 million tons of oil.
Uzbekistan’s beneficial partnerships with China
In 2023, Uzbekistan shifted from being a gas exporter to an importer to meet domestic demand while fulfilling commitments to China. In September 2024, Uzbek data showed a slowdown in gas-related revenues, while Chinese customs noted a record increase in payments to Tashkent (2.16 times higher than in September 2023), facilitated by purchasing low-cost Russian gas and reselling it to China at higher prices.
Moreover, Uzbekistan is seeking to diversify its energy links, particularly in nuclear energy, collaborating with China after signing an agreement with the Russian company Rosatom in June 2024 to build a nuclear power plant. Beijing is expected to transfer its experience on nuclear plant construction to Tashkent under an agreement signed on November 4 between Uzbekistan’s Atomic Energy Agency and the Chinese company CNNC.
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